Election of 1928

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Abbreviations Definitions Sources

BASICS

Category Result
Incumbent Calvin Coolidge (R)
Prior streak R (2)
Prior five elections R (3), D (2)
Population 120,509,000
States 48
Electoral votes 531
Popular votes 36,801,510
Voter turnout 56.9%

FIELD OF QUALIFIED CANDIDATES

Candidate Party PI Age State Position Nom Win CS ROP
Herbert Hoover R 4.0 54.23 California Cabinet member X X 90.41 226
Alfred Smith D 6.9 54.84 New York Governor X 63.06 91
Frank Lowden R 5.7 67.77 Illinois Former governor 20.32 36
James Reed D 4.8 66.98 Missouri Senator 16.09 34
James Watson R 5.1 64.00 Indiana Senator 13.57 27
Charles Curtis R 4.1 68.77 Kansas Senator 13.53 33
Walter George D 4.4 50.76 Georgia Senator 12.87 29
Cordell Hull D 3.7 57.08 Tennessee Representative 12.75 34
George Norris R 4.3 67.31 Nebraska Senator 12.58 29
Thomas Walsh D 3.5 69.39 Montana Senator 10.95 31

GENERAL ELECTION

Candidate Party SC PV PV% EV EV% PV*EQ EV*EQ
Herbert Hoover R 40 21,432,823 58.24% 444 83.62% 58,238,977 450
Alfred Smith D 8 15,004,336 40.77% 87 16.38% 40,770,979 88

REGIONAL SPLITS

Candidate Party PV% East South Midwest West EV East South Midwest West
Herbert Hoover R 58.24% 56.18% 51.86% 60.82% 63.70% 444 137 85 167 55
Alfred Smith D 40.77% 42.47% 47.77% 38.35% 35.14% 87 23 64 0 0

PV BY STATES

State Total PV Hoover Smith Other
Alabama 248,981 120,725 127,796 460
Arizona 91,254 52,533 38,537 184
Arkansas 197,726 77,784 119,196 746
California 1,796,656 1,162,323 614,365 19,968
Colorado 392,242 253,872 133,131 5,239
Connecticut 553,118 296,641 252,085 4,392
Delaware 104,602 68,860 35,354 388
Florida 253,672 144,168 101,764 7,740
Georgia 231,592 101,800 129,604 188
Idaho 154,230 99,848 53,074 1,308
Illinois 3,107,489 1,769,141 1,313,817 24,531
Indiana 1,421,314 848,290 562,691 10,333
Iowa 1,009,189 623,570 379,011 6,608
Kansas 713,200 513,672 193,003 6,525
Kentucky 940,521 558,064 381,070 1,387
Louisiana 215,833 51,160 164,655 18
Maine 262,170 179,923 81,179 1,068
Maryland 528,348 301,479 223,626 3,243
Massachusetts 1,577,823 775,566 792,758 9,499
Michigan 1,372,082 965,396 396,762 9,924
Minnesota 970,976 560,977 396,451 13,548
Mississippi 151,568 27,030 124,538
Missouri 1,500,845 834,080 662,684 4,081
Montana 194,108 113,300 78,578 2,230
Nebraska 547,128 345,745 197,950 3,433
Nevada 32,417 18,327 14,090
New Hampshire 196,757 115,404 80,715 638
New Jersey 1,549,381 926,050 616,517 6,814
New Mexico 118,077 69,708 48,211 158
New York 4,405,626 2,193,344 2,089,863 122,419
North Carolina 635,150 348,923 286,227
North Dakota 239,845 131,419 106,648 1,778
Ohio 2,508,346 1,627,546 864,210 16,590
Oklahoma 618,427 394,046 219,174 5,207
Oregon 319,942 205,341 109,223 5,378
Pennsylvania 3,150,612 2,055,382 1,067,586 27,644
Rhode Island 237,194 117,522 118,973 699
South Carolina 68,605 5,858 62,700 47
South Dakota 261,857 157,603 102,660 1,594
Tennessee 353,192 195,388 157,143 661
Texas 708,999 367,036 341,032 931
Utah 176,603 94,618 80,985 1,000
Vermont 135,191 90,404 44,440 347
Virginia 305,364 164,609 140,146 609
Washington 500,840 335,844 156,772 8,224
West Virginia 642,752 375,551 263,784 3,417
Wisconsin 1,016,831 544,205 450,259 22,367
Wyoming 82,835 52,748 29,299 788
Total 36,801,510 21,432,823 15,004,336 364,351

PV% BY STATES

State PV winner Hoover Smith Other
Alabama Smith 48.49% 51.33% 0.19%
Arizona Hoover 57.57% 42.23% 0.20%
Arkansas Smith 39.34% 60.28% 0.38%
California Hoover 64.69% 34.20% 1.11%
Colorado Hoover 64.72% 33.94% 1.34%
Connecticut Hoover 53.63% 45.58% 0.79%
Delaware Hoover 65.83% 33.80% 0.37%
Florida Hoover 56.83% 40.12% 3.05%
Georgia Smith 43.96% 55.96% 0.08%
Idaho Hoover 64.74% 34.41% 0.85%
Illinois Hoover 56.93% 42.28% 0.79%
Indiana Hoover 59.68% 39.59% 0.73%
Iowa Hoover 61.79% 37.56% 0.66%
Kansas Hoover 72.02% 27.06% 0.92%
Kentucky Hoover 59.34% 40.52% 0.15%
Louisiana Smith 23.70% 76.29% 0.01%
Maine Hoover 68.63% 30.96% 0.41%
Maryland Hoover 57.06% 42.33% 0.61%
Massachusetts Smith 49.15% 50.24% 0.60%
Michigan Hoover 70.36% 28.92% 0.72%
Minnesota Hoover 57.78% 40.83% 1.40%
Mississippi Smith 17.83% 82.17%
Missouri Hoover 55.57% 44.15% 0.27%
Montana Hoover 58.37% 40.48% 1.15%
Nebraska Hoover 63.19% 36.18% 0.63%
Nevada Hoover 56.54% 43.47%
New Hampshire Hoover 58.65% 41.02% 0.32%
New Jersey Hoover 59.77% 39.79% 0.44%
New Mexico Hoover 59.04% 40.83% 0.13%
New York Hoover 49.79% 47.44% 2.78%
North Carolina Hoover 54.94% 45.06%
North Dakota Hoover 54.79% 44.47% 0.74%
Ohio Hoover 64.89% 34.45% 0.66%
Oklahoma Hoover 63.72% 35.44% 0.84%
Oregon Hoover 64.18% 34.14% 1.68%
Pennsylvania Hoover 65.24% 33.89% 0.88%
Rhode Island Smith 49.55% 50.16% 0.30%
South Carolina Smith 8.54% 91.39% 0.07%
South Dakota Hoover 60.19% 39.21% 0.61%
Tennessee Hoover 55.32% 44.49% 0.19%
Texas Hoover 51.77% 48.10% 0.13%
Utah Hoover 53.58% 45.86% 0.57%
Vermont Hoover 66.87% 32.87% 0.26%
Virginia Hoover 53.91% 45.90% 0.20%
Washington Hoover 67.06% 31.30% 1.64%
West Virginia Hoover 58.43% 41.04% 0.53%
Wisconsin Hoover 53.52% 44.28% 2.20%
Wyoming Hoover 63.68% 35.37% 0.95%
Total Hoover 58.24% 40.77% 0.99%

EV BY STATES

State Total EV Hoover Smith
Alabama 12 0 12
Arizona 3 3 0
Arkansas 9 0 9
California 13 13 0
Colorado 6 6 0
Connecticut 7 7 0
Delaware 3 3 0
Florida 6 6 0
Georgia 14 0 14
Idaho 4 4 0
Illinois 29 29 0
Indiana 15 15 0
Iowa 13 13 0
Kansas 10 10 0
Kentucky 13 13 0
Louisiana 10 0 10
Maine 6 6 0
Maryland 8 8 0
Massachusetts 18 0 18
Michigan 15 15 0
Minnesota 12 12 0
Mississippi 10 0 10
Missouri 18 18 0
Montana 4 4 0
Nebraska 8 8 0
Nevada 3 3 0
New Hampshire 4 4 0
New Jersey 14 14 0
New Mexico 3 3 0
New York 45 45 0
North Carolina 12 12 0
North Dakota 5 5 0
Ohio 24 24 0
Oklahoma 10 10 0
Oregon 5 5 0
Pennsylvania 38 38 0
Rhode Island 5 0 5
South Carolina 9 0 9
South Dakota 5 5 0
Tennessee 12 12 0
Texas 20 20 0
Utah 4 4 0
Vermont 4 4 0
Virginia 12 12 0
Washington 7 7 0
West Virginia 8 8 0
Wisconsin 13 13 0
Wyoming 3 3 0
Total 531 444 87

MARGINS AND FLIPS

State PV winner Runnerup Gap (votes) Gap (points) Flip
Alabama Smith Hoover 7,071 2.84 3,536
Arizona Hoover Smith 13,996 15.34 6,999
Arkansas Smith Hoover 41,412 20.94 20,707
California Hoover Smith 547,958 30.50 273,980
Colorado Hoover Smith 120,741 30.78 60,371
Connecticut Hoover Smith 44,556 8.06 22,279
Delaware Hoover Smith 33,506 32.03 16,754
Florida Hoover Smith 42,404 16.72 21,203
Georgia Smith Hoover 27,804 12.01 13,903
Idaho Hoover Smith 46,774 30.33 23,388
Illinois Hoover Smith 455,324 14.65 227,663
Indiana Hoover Smith 285,599 20.10 142,800
Iowa Hoover Smith 244,559 24.23 122,280
Kansas Hoover Smith 320,669 44.96 160,335
Kentucky Hoover Smith 176,994 18.82 88,498
Louisiana Smith Hoover 113,495 52.58 56,748
Maine Hoover Smith 98,744 37.66 49,373
Maryland Hoover Smith 77,853 14.74 38,927
Massachusetts Smith Hoover 17,192 1.09 8,597
Michigan Hoover Smith 568,634 41.44 284,318
Minnesota Hoover Smith 164,526 16.95 82,264
Mississippi Smith Hoover 97,508 64.33 48,755
Missouri Hoover Smith 171,396 11.42 85,699
Montana Hoover Smith 34,722 17.89 17,362
Nebraska Hoover Smith 147,795 27.01 73,898
Nevada Hoover Smith 4,237 13.07 2,119
New Hampshire Hoover Smith 34,689 17.63 17,345
New Jersey Hoover Smith 309,533 19.98 154,767
New Mexico Hoover Smith 21,497 18.21 10,749
New York Hoover Smith 103,481 2.35 51,741
North Carolina Hoover Smith 62,696 9.87 31,349
North Dakota Hoover Smith 24,771 10.33 12,386
Ohio Hoover Smith 763,336 30.43 381,669
Oklahoma Hoover Smith 174,872 28.28 87,437
Oregon Hoover Smith 96,118 30.04 48,060
Pennsylvania Hoover Smith 987,796 31.35 493,899
Rhode Island Smith Hoover 1,451 0.61 726
South Carolina Smith Hoover 56,842 82.85 28,422
South Dakota Hoover Smith 54,943 20.98 27,472
Tennessee Hoover Smith 38,245 10.83 19,123
Texas Hoover Smith 26,004 3.67 13,003
Utah Hoover Smith 13,633 7.72 6,817
Vermont Hoover Smith 45,964 34.00 22,983
Virginia Hoover Smith 24,463 8.01 12,232
Washington Hoover Smith 179,072 35.75 89,537
West Virginia Hoover Smith 111,767 17.39 55,884
Wisconsin Hoover Smith 93,946 9.24 46,974
Wyoming Hoover Smith 23,449 28.31 11,725
Total Hoover Smith 6,428,487 17.47 3,214,244
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