Election of 1928

LINKS

BASICS

Category	Result
Incumbent	Calvin Coolidge (R)
Prior streak	R (2)
Prior five elections	R (3), D (2)
Population	120,509,000
States	48
Electoral votes	531
Popular votes	36,801,510
Voter turnout	56.9%

FIELD OF QUALIFIED CANDIDATES

Candidate	Party	PI	Age	State	Position	Nom	Win	CS	ROP
Herbert Hoover	R	4.0	54.23	California	Cabinet member	X	X	90.41	226
Alfred Smith	D	6.9	54.84	New York	Governor	X	—	63.06	91
Frank Lowden	R	5.7	67.77	Illinois	Former governor	—	—	20.32	36
James Reed	D	4.8	66.98	Missouri	Senator	—	—	16.09	34
James Watson	R	5.1	64.00	Indiana	Senator	—	—	13.57	27
Charles Curtis	R	4.1	68.77	Kansas	Senator	—	—	13.53	33
Walter George	D	4.4	50.76	Georgia	Senator	—	—	12.87	29
Cordell Hull	D	3.7	57.08	Tennessee	Representative	—	—	12.75	34
George Norris	R	4.3	67.31	Nebraska	Senator	—	—	12.58	29
Thomas Walsh	D	3.5	69.39	Montana	Senator	—	—	10.95	31

GENERAL ELECTION

Candidate	Party	SC	PV	PV%	EV	EV%	PV*EQ	EV*EQ
Herbert Hoover	R	40	21,432,823	58.24%	444	83.62%	58,238,977	450
Alfred Smith	D	8	15,004,336	40.77%	87	16.38%	40,770,979	88

REGIONAL SPLITS

Candidate	Party	PV%	East	South	Midwest	West	EV	East	South	Midwest	West
Herbert Hoover	R	58.24%	56.18%	51.86%	60.82%	63.70%	444	137	85	167	55
Alfred Smith	D	40.77%	42.47%	47.77%	38.35%	35.14%	87	23	64	0	0

PV BY STATES

State	Total PV	Hoover	Smith	Other
Alabama	248,981	120,725	127,796	460
Arizona	91,254	52,533	38,537	184
Arkansas	197,726	77,784	119,196	746
California	1,796,656	1,162,323	614,365	19,968
Colorado	392,242	253,872	133,131	5,239
Connecticut	553,118	296,641	252,085	4,392
Delaware	104,602	68,860	35,354	388
Florida	253,672	144,168	101,764	7,740
Georgia	231,592	101,800	129,604	188
Idaho	154,230	99,848	53,074	1,308
Illinois	3,107,489	1,769,141	1,313,817	24,531
Indiana	1,421,314	848,290	562,691	10,333
Iowa	1,009,189	623,570	379,011	6,608
Kansas	713,200	513,672	193,003	6,525
Kentucky	940,521	558,064	381,070	1,387
Louisiana	215,833	51,160	164,655	18
Maine	262,170	179,923	81,179	1,068
Maryland	528,348	301,479	223,626	3,243
Massachusetts	1,577,823	775,566	792,758	9,499
Michigan	1,372,082	965,396	396,762	9,924
Minnesota	970,976	560,977	396,451	13,548
Mississippi	151,568	27,030	124,538	—
Missouri	1,500,845	834,080	662,684	4,081
Montana	194,108	113,300	78,578	2,230
Nebraska	547,128	345,745	197,950	3,433
Nevada	32,417	18,327	14,090	—
New Hampshire	196,757	115,404	80,715	638
New Jersey	1,549,381	926,050	616,517	6,814
New Mexico	118,077	69,708	48,211	158
New York	4,405,626	2,193,344	2,089,863	122,419
North Carolina	635,150	348,923	286,227	—
North Dakota	239,845	131,419	106,648	1,778
Ohio	2,508,346	1,627,546	864,210	16,590
Oklahoma	618,427	394,046	219,174	5,207
Oregon	319,942	205,341	109,223	5,378
Pennsylvania	3,150,612	2,055,382	1,067,586	27,644
Rhode Island	237,194	117,522	118,973	699
South Carolina	68,605	5,858	62,700	47
South Dakota	261,857	157,603	102,660	1,594
Tennessee	353,192	195,388	157,143	661
Texas	708,999	367,036	341,032	931
Utah	176,603	94,618	80,985	1,000
Vermont	135,191	90,404	44,440	347
Virginia	305,364	164,609	140,146	609
Washington	500,840	335,844	156,772	8,224
West Virginia	642,752	375,551	263,784	3,417
Wisconsin	1,016,831	544,205	450,259	22,367
Wyoming	82,835	52,748	29,299	788
Total	36,801,510	21,432,823	15,004,336	364,351

PV% BY STATES

State	PV winner	Hoover	Smith	Other
Alabama	Smith	48.49%	51.33%	0.19%
Arizona	Hoover	57.57%	42.23%	0.20%
Arkansas	Smith	39.34%	60.28%	0.38%
California	Hoover	64.69%	34.20%	1.11%
Colorado	Hoover	64.72%	33.94%	1.34%
Connecticut	Hoover	53.63%	45.58%	0.79%
Delaware	Hoover	65.83%	33.80%	0.37%
Florida	Hoover	56.83%	40.12%	3.05%
Georgia	Smith	43.96%	55.96%	0.08%
Idaho	Hoover	64.74%	34.41%	0.85%
Illinois	Hoover	56.93%	42.28%	0.79%
Indiana	Hoover	59.68%	39.59%	0.73%
Iowa	Hoover	61.79%	37.56%	0.66%
Kansas	Hoover	72.02%	27.06%	0.92%
Kentucky	Hoover	59.34%	40.52%	0.15%
Louisiana	Smith	23.70%	76.29%	0.01%
Maine	Hoover	68.63%	30.96%	0.41%
Maryland	Hoover	57.06%	42.33%	0.61%
Massachusetts	Smith	49.15%	50.24%	0.60%
Michigan	Hoover	70.36%	28.92%	0.72%
Minnesota	Hoover	57.78%	40.83%	1.40%
Mississippi	Smith	17.83%	82.17%	—
Missouri	Hoover	55.57%	44.15%	0.27%
Montana	Hoover	58.37%	40.48%	1.15%
Nebraska	Hoover	63.19%	36.18%	0.63%
Nevada	Hoover	56.54%	43.47%	—
New Hampshire	Hoover	58.65%	41.02%	0.32%
New Jersey	Hoover	59.77%	39.79%	0.44%
New Mexico	Hoover	59.04%	40.83%	0.13%
New York	Hoover	49.79%	47.44%	2.78%
North Carolina	Hoover	54.94%	45.06%	—
North Dakota	Hoover	54.79%	44.47%	0.74%
Ohio	Hoover	64.89%	34.45%	0.66%
Oklahoma	Hoover	63.72%	35.44%	0.84%
Oregon	Hoover	64.18%	34.14%	1.68%
Pennsylvania	Hoover	65.24%	33.89%	0.88%
Rhode Island	Smith	49.55%	50.16%	0.30%
South Carolina	Smith	8.54%	91.39%	0.07%
South Dakota	Hoover	60.19%	39.21%	0.61%
Tennessee	Hoover	55.32%	44.49%	0.19%
Texas	Hoover	51.77%	48.10%	0.13%
Utah	Hoover	53.58%	45.86%	0.57%
Vermont	Hoover	66.87%	32.87%	0.26%
Virginia	Hoover	53.91%	45.90%	0.20%
Washington	Hoover	67.06%	31.30%	1.64%
West Virginia	Hoover	58.43%	41.04%	0.53%
Wisconsin	Hoover	53.52%	44.28%	2.20%
Wyoming	Hoover	63.68%	35.37%	0.95%
Total	Hoover	58.24%	40.77%	0.99%

EV BY STATES

State	Total EV	Hoover	Smith
Alabama	12	0	12
Arizona	3	3	0
Arkansas	9	0	9
California	13	13	0
Colorado	6	6	0
Connecticut	7	7	0
Delaware	3	3	0
Florida	6	6	0
Georgia	14	0	14
Idaho	4	4	0
Illinois	29	29	0
Indiana	15	15	0
Iowa	13	13	0
Kansas	10	10	0
Kentucky	13	13	0
Louisiana	10	0	10
Maine	6	6	0
Maryland	8	8	0
Massachusetts	18	0	18
Michigan	15	15	0
Minnesota	12	12	0
Mississippi	10	0	10
Missouri	18	18	0
Montana	4	4	0
Nebraska	8	8	0
Nevada	3	3	0
New Hampshire	4	4	0
New Jersey	14	14	0
New Mexico	3	3	0
New York	45	45	0
North Carolina	12	12	0
North Dakota	5	5	0
Ohio	24	24	0
Oklahoma	10	10	0
Oregon	5	5	0
Pennsylvania	38	38	0
Rhode Island	5	0	5
South Carolina	9	0	9
South Dakota	5	5	0
Tennessee	12	12	0
Texas	20	20	0
Utah	4	4	0
Vermont	4	4	0
Virginia	12	12	0
Washington	7	7	0
West Virginia	8	8	0
Wisconsin	13	13	0
Wyoming	3	3	0
Total	531	444	87

MARGINS AND FLIPS

State	PV winner	Runnerup	Gap (votes)	Gap (points)	Flip
Alabama	Smith	Hoover	7,071	2.84	3,536
Arizona	Hoover	Smith	13,996	15.34	6,999
Arkansas	Smith	Hoover	41,412	20.94	20,707
California	Hoover	Smith	547,958	30.50	273,980
Colorado	Hoover	Smith	120,741	30.78	60,371
Connecticut	Hoover	Smith	44,556	8.06	22,279
Delaware	Hoover	Smith	33,506	32.03	16,754
Florida	Hoover	Smith	42,404	16.72	21,203
Georgia	Smith	Hoover	27,804	12.01	13,903
Idaho	Hoover	Smith	46,774	30.33	23,388
Illinois	Hoover	Smith	455,324	14.65	227,663
Indiana	Hoover	Smith	285,599	20.10	142,800
Iowa	Hoover	Smith	244,559	24.23	122,280
Kansas	Hoover	Smith	320,669	44.96	160,335
Kentucky	Hoover	Smith	176,994	18.82	88,498
Louisiana	Smith	Hoover	113,495	52.58	56,748
Maine	Hoover	Smith	98,744	37.66	49,373
Maryland	Hoover	Smith	77,853	14.74	38,927
Massachusetts	Smith	Hoover	17,192	1.09	8,597
Michigan	Hoover	Smith	568,634	41.44	284,318
Minnesota	Hoover	Smith	164,526	16.95	82,264
Mississippi	Smith	Hoover	97,508	64.33	48,755
Missouri	Hoover	Smith	171,396	11.42	85,699
Montana	Hoover	Smith	34,722	17.89	17,362
Nebraska	Hoover	Smith	147,795	27.01	73,898
Nevada	Hoover	Smith	4,237	13.07	2,119
New Hampshire	Hoover	Smith	34,689	17.63	17,345
New Jersey	Hoover	Smith	309,533	19.98	154,767
New Mexico	Hoover	Smith	21,497	18.21	10,749
New York	Hoover	Smith	103,481	2.35	51,741
North Carolina	Hoover	Smith	62,696	9.87	31,349
North Dakota	Hoover	Smith	24,771	10.33	12,386
Ohio	Hoover	Smith	763,336	30.43	381,669
Oklahoma	Hoover	Smith	174,872	28.28	87,437
Oregon	Hoover	Smith	96,118	30.04	48,060
Pennsylvania	Hoover	Smith	987,796	31.35	493,899
Rhode Island	Smith	Hoover	1,451	0.61	726
South Carolina	Smith	Hoover	56,842	82.85	28,422
South Dakota	Hoover	Smith	54,943	20.98	27,472
Tennessee	Hoover	Smith	38,245	10.83	19,123
Texas	Hoover	Smith	26,004	3.67	13,003
Utah	Hoover	Smith	13,633	7.72	6,817
Vermont	Hoover	Smith	45,964	34.00	22,983
Virginia	Hoover	Smith	24,463	8.01	12,232
Washington	Hoover	Smith	179,072	35.75	89,537
West Virginia	Hoover	Smith	111,767	17.39	55,884
Wisconsin	Hoover	Smith	93,946	9.24	46,974
Wyoming	Hoover	Smith	23,449	28.31	11,725
Total	Hoover	Smith	6,428,487	17.47	3,214,244