Election of 1904
LINKS
| Abbreviations | Definitions | Sources |
BASICS
| Category | Result |
|---|---|
| Incumbent | Theodore Roosevelt (R) |
| Prior streak | R (2) |
| Prior five elections | R (3), D (2) |
| Population | 82,166,000 |
| States | 45 |
| Electoral votes | 476 |
| Popular votes | 13,519,039 |
| Voter turnout | 65.2% |
FIELD OF QUALIFIED CANDIDATES
| Candidate | Party | PI | Age | State | Position | Nom | Win | CS | ROP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Theodore Roosevelt | R | 8.8 | 46.01 | New York | President | X | X | 85.72 | 97 |
| Alton Parker | D | 4.9 | 52.47 | New York | State judge | X | — | 66.33 | 135 |
| William Randolph Hearst | D | 5.5 | 41.51 | New York | Journalist | — | — | 24.45 | 44 |
| Eugene Debs | SOC | 2.9 | 48.99 | Indiana | Movement leader | — | — | 19.53 | 67 |
| Francis Cockrell | D | 7.0 | 70.08 | Missouri | Senator | — | — | 13.35 | 19 |
GENERAL ELECTION
| Candidate | Party | SC | PV | PV% | EV | EV% | PV*EQ | EV*EQ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Theodore Roosevelt | R | 32 | 7,625,599 | 56.41% | 336 | 70.59% | 56,406,369 | 380 |
| Alton Parker | D | 13 | 5,083,501 | 37.60% | 140 | 29.41% | 37,602,532 | 158 |
| Eugene Debs | SOC | 0 | 402,490 | 2.98% | 0 | 0.00% | 2,977,209 | 0 |
REGIONAL SPLITS
| Candidate | Party | PV% | East | South | Midwest | West | EV | East | South | Midwest | West |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Theodore Roosevelt | R | 56.41% | 58.70% | 33.36% | 60.69% | 61.73% | 336 | 137 | 0 | 160 | 39 |
| Alton Parker | D | 37.60% | 36.96% | 62.27% | 32.01% | 29.47% | 140 | 7 | 133 | 0 | 0 |
| Eugene Debs | SOC | 2.98% | 2.02% | 0.81% | 3.79% | 6.39% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
PV BY STATES
| State | Total PV | Roosevelt | Parker | Debs | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 108,785 | 22,472 | 79,797 | 853 | 5,663 |
| Arkansas | 116,328 | 46,760 | 64,434 | 1,816 | 3,318 |
| California | 331,768 | 205,226 | 89,294 | 29,535 | 7,713 |
| Colorado | 243,667 | 134,661 | 100,105 | 4,304 | 4,597 |
| Connecticut | 191,136 | 111,089 | 72,909 | 4,543 | 2,595 |
| Delaware | 43,856 | 23,705 | 19,347 | 146 | 658 |
| Florida | 39,302 | 8,314 | 27,046 | 2,337 | 1,605 |
| Georgia | 130,986 | 24,004 | 83,466 | 196 | 23,320 |
| Idaho | 72,577 | 47,783 | 18,480 | 4,949 | 1,365 |
| Illinois | 1,076,495 | 632,645 | 327,606 | 69,225 | 47,019 |
| Indiana | 682,206 | 368,289 | 274,356 | 12,023 | 27,538 |
| Iowa | 485,703 | 307,907 | 149,141 | 14,847 | 13,808 |
| Kansas | 329,047 | 213,455 | 86,164 | 15,869 | 13,559 |
| Kentucky | 435,946 | 205,457 | 217,170 | 3,599 | 9,720 |
| Louisiana | 53,908 | 5,205 | 47,708 | 995 | — |
| Maine | 96,036 | 64,438 | 27,648 | 2,103 | 1,847 |
| Maryland | 224,229 | 109,497 | 109,446 | 2,247 | 3,039 |
| Massachusetts | 445,100 | 257,813 | 165,746 | 13,604 | 7,937 |
| Michigan | 520,443 | 361,863 | 134,163 | 8,942 | 15,475 |
| Minnesota | 292,860 | 216,651 | 55,187 | 11,692 | 9,330 |
| Mississippi | 58,721 | 3,280 | 53,480 | 462 | 1,499 |
| Missouri | 643,861 | 321,449 | 296,312 | 13,009 | 13,091 |
| Montana | 63,568 | 33,994 | 21,816 | 5,675 | 2,083 |
| Nebraska | 225,732 | 138,558 | 52,921 | 7,412 | 26,841 |
| Nevada | 12,115 | 6,864 | 3,982 | 925 | 344 |
| New Hampshire | 90,151 | 54,157 | 34,071 | 1,090 | 833 |
| New Jersey | 432,547 | 245,164 | 164,566 | 9,587 | 13,230 |
| New York | 1,617,765 | 859,533 | 683,981 | 36,883 | 37,368 |
| North Carolina | 207,818 | 82,442 | 124,091 | 124 | 1,161 |
| North Dakota | 70,179 | 52,595 | 14,273 | 2,009 | 1,302 |
| Ohio | 1,004,395 | 600,095 | 344,674 | 36,260 | 23,366 |
| Oregon | 89,656 | 60,309 | 17,327 | 7,479 | 4,541 |
| Pennsylvania | 1,236,738 | 840,949 | 337,998 | 21,863 | 35,928 |
| Rhode Island | 68,656 | 41,605 | 24,839 | 956 | 1,256 |
| South Carolina | 55,890 | 2,570 | 53,320 | — | — |
| South Dakota | 101,395 | 72,083 | 21,969 | 3,138 | 4,205 |
| Tennessee | 242,750 | 105,363 | 131,653 | 1,354 | 4,380 |
| Texas | 233,609 | 51,307 | 167,088 | 2,788 | 12,426 |
| Utah | 101,626 | 62,446 | 33,413 | 5,767 | — |
| Vermont | 51,888 | 40,459 | 9,777 | 859 | 793 |
| Virginia | 130,410 | 48,180 | 80,649 | 202 | 1,379 |
| Washington | 145,151 | 101,540 | 28,098 | 10,023 | 5,490 |
| West Virginia | 239,986 | 132,620 | 100,855 | 1,573 | 4,938 |
| Wisconsin | 443,440 | 280,314 | 124,205 | 28,240 | 10,681 |
| Wyoming | 30,614 | 20,489 | 8,930 | 987 | 208 |
| Total | 13,519,039 | 7,625,599 | 5,083,501 | 402,490 | 407,449 |
PV% BY STATES
| State | PV winner | Roosevelt | Parker | Debs | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Parker | 20.66% | 73.35% | 0.78% | 5.21% |
| Arkansas | Parker | 40.20% | 55.39% | 1.56% | 2.85% |
| California | Roosevelt | 61.86% | 26.92% | 8.90% | 2.33% |
| Colorado | Roosevelt | 55.26% | 41.08% | 1.77% | 1.89% |
| Connecticut | Roosevelt | 58.12% | 38.15% | 2.38% | 1.36% |
| Delaware | Roosevelt | 54.05% | 44.12% | 0.33% | 1.50% |
| Florida | Parker | 21.15% | 68.82% | 5.95% | 4.08% |
| Georgia | Parker | 18.33% | 63.72% | 0.15% | 17.80% |
| Idaho | Roosevelt | 65.84% | 25.46% | 6.82% | 1.88% |
| Illinois | Roosevelt | 58.77% | 30.43% | 6.43% | 4.37% |
| Indiana | Roosevelt | 53.99% | 40.22% | 1.76% | 4.04% |
| Iowa | Roosevelt | 63.39% | 30.71% | 3.06% | 2.84% |
| Kansas | Roosevelt | 64.87% | 26.19% | 4.82% | 4.12% |
| Kentucky | Parker | 47.13% | 49.82% | 0.83% | 2.23% |
| Louisiana | Parker | 9.66% | 88.50% | 1.85% | — |
| Maine | Roosevelt | 67.10% | 28.79% | 2.19% | 1.92% |
| Maryland | Roosevelt | 48.83% | 48.81% | 1.00% | 1.36% |
| Massachusetts | Roosevelt | 57.92% | 37.24% | 3.06% | 1.78% |
| Michigan | Roosevelt | 69.53% | 25.78% | 1.72% | 2.97% |
| Minnesota | Roosevelt | 73.98% | 18.84% | 3.99% | 3.19% |
| Mississippi | Parker | 5.59% | 91.08% | 0.79% | 2.55% |
| Missouri | Roosevelt | 49.93% | 46.02% | 2.02% | 2.03% |
| Montana | Roosevelt | 53.48% | 34.32% | 8.93% | 3.28% |
| Nebraska | Roosevelt | 61.38% | 23.44% | 3.28% | 11.89% |
| Nevada | Roosevelt | 56.66% | 32.87% | 7.64% | 2.84% |
| New Hampshire | Roosevelt | 60.07% | 37.79% | 1.21% | 0.92% |
| New Jersey | Roosevelt | 56.68% | 38.05% | 2.22% | 3.06% |
| New York | Roosevelt | 53.13% | 42.28% | 2.28% | 2.31% |
| North Carolina | Parker | 39.67% | 59.71% | 0.06% | 0.56% |
| North Dakota | Roosevelt | 74.94% | 20.34% | 2.86% | 1.86% |
| Ohio | Roosevelt | 59.75% | 34.32% | 3.61% | 2.33% |
| Oregon | Roosevelt | 67.27% | 19.33% | 8.34% | 5.07% |
| Pennsylvania | Roosevelt | 68.00% | 27.33% | 1.77% | 2.91% |
| Rhode Island | Roosevelt | 60.60% | 36.18% | 1.39% | 1.83% |
| South Carolina | Parker | 4.60% | 95.40% | — | — |
| South Dakota | Roosevelt | 71.09% | 21.67% | 3.10% | 4.15% |
| Tennessee | Parker | 43.40% | 54.23% | 0.56% | 1.80% |
| Texas | Parker | 21.96% | 71.53% | 1.19% | 5.32% |
| Utah | Roosevelt | 61.45% | 32.88% | 5.68% | — |
| Vermont | Roosevelt | 77.97% | 18.84% | 1.66% | 1.53% |
| Virginia | Parker | 36.95% | 61.84% | 0.16% | 1.06% |
| Washington | Roosevelt | 69.96% | 19.36% | 6.91% | 3.78% |
| West Virginia | Roosevelt | 55.26% | 42.03% | 0.66% | 2.06% |
| Wisconsin | Roosevelt | 63.21% | 28.01% | 6.37% | 2.41% |
| Wyoming | Roosevelt | 66.93% | 29.17% | 3.22% | 0.68% |
| Total | Roosevelt | 56.41% | 37.60% | 2.98% | 3.01% |
EV BY STATES
| State | Total EV | Roosevelt | Parker |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 11 | 0 | 11 |
| Arkansas | 9 | 0 | 9 |
| California | 10 | 10 | 0 |
| Colorado | 5 | 5 | 0 |
| Connecticut | 7 | 7 | 0 |
| Delaware | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Florida | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| Georgia | 13 | 0 | 13 |
| Idaho | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Illinois | 27 | 27 | 0 |
| Indiana | 15 | 15 | 0 |
| Iowa | 13 | 13 | 0 |
| Kansas | 10 | 10 | 0 |
| Kentucky | 13 | 0 | 13 |
| Louisiana | 9 | 0 | 9 |
| Maine | 6 | 6 | 0 |
| Maryland | 8 | 1 | 7 |
| Massachusetts | 16 | 16 | 0 |
| Michigan | 14 | 14 | 0 |
| Minnesota | 11 | 11 | 0 |
| Mississippi | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Missouri | 18 | 18 | 0 |
| Montana | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Nebraska | 8 | 8 | 0 |
| Nevada | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| New Hampshire | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| New Jersey | 12 | 12 | 0 |
| New York | 39 | 39 | 0 |
| North Carolina | 12 | 0 | 12 |
| North Dakota | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| Ohio | 23 | 23 | 0 |
| Oregon | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| Pennsylvania | 34 | 34 | 0 |
| Rhode Island | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| South Carolina | 9 | 0 | 9 |
| South Dakota | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| Tennessee | 12 | 0 | 12 |
| Texas | 18 | 0 | 18 |
| Utah | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Vermont | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| Virginia | 12 | 0 | 12 |
| Washington | 5 | 5 | 0 |
| West Virginia | 7 | 7 | 0 |
| Wisconsin | 13 | 13 | 0 |
| Wyoming | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Total | 476 | 336 | 140 |
MARGINS AND FLIPS
| State | PV winner | Runnerup | Gap (votes) | Gap (points) | Flip |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Parker | Roosevelt | 57,325 | 52.70 | 28,663 |
| Arkansas | Parker | Roosevelt | 17,674 | 15.19 | 8,838 |
| California | Roosevelt | Parker | 115,932 | 34.94 | 57,967 |
| Colorado | Roosevelt | Parker | 34,556 | 14.18 | 17,279 |
| Connecticut | Roosevelt | Parker | 38,180 | 19.98 | 19,091 |
| Delaware | Roosevelt | Parker | 4,358 | 9.94 | 2,180 |
| Florida | Parker | Roosevelt | 18,732 | 47.66 | 9,367 |
| Georgia | Parker | Roosevelt | 59,462 | 45.40 | 29,732 |
| Idaho | Roosevelt | Parker | 29,303 | 40.38 | 14,652 |
| Illinois | Roosevelt | Parker | 305,039 | 28.34 | 152,520 |
| Indiana | Roosevelt | Parker | 93,933 | 13.77 | 46,967 |
| Iowa | Roosevelt | Parker | 158,766 | 32.69 | 79,384 |
| Kansas | Roosevelt | Parker | 127,291 | 38.69 | 63,646 |
| Kentucky | Parker | Roosevelt | 11,713 | 2.69 | 5,857 |
| Louisiana | Parker | Roosevelt | 42,503 | 78.84 | 21,252 |
| Maine | Roosevelt | Parker | 36,790 | 38.31 | 18,396 |
| Maryland | Roosevelt | Parker | 51 | 0.02 | 26 |
| Massachusetts | Roosevelt | Parker | 92,067 | 20.68 | 46,034 |
| Michigan | Roosevelt | Parker | 227,700 | 43.75 | 113,851 |
| Minnesota | Roosevelt | Parker | 161,464 | 55.13 | 80,733 |
| Mississippi | Parker | Roosevelt | 50,200 | 85.49 | 25,101 |
| Missouri | Roosevelt | Parker | 25,137 | 3.90 | 12,569 |
| Montana | Roosevelt | Parker | 12,178 | 19.16 | 6,090 |
| Nebraska | Roosevelt | Parker | 85,637 | 37.94 | 42,819 |
| Nevada | Roosevelt | Parker | 2,882 | 23.79 | 1,442 |
| New Hampshire | Roosevelt | Parker | 20,086 | 22.28 | 10,044 |
| New Jersey | Roosevelt | Parker | 80,598 | 18.63 | 40,300 |
| New York | Roosevelt | Parker | 175,552 | 10.85 | 87,777 |
| North Carolina | Parker | Roosevelt | 41,649 | 20.04 | 20,825 |
| North Dakota | Roosevelt | Parker | 38,322 | 54.61 | 19,162 |
| Ohio | Roosevelt | Parker | 255,421 | 25.43 | 127,711 |
| Oregon | Roosevelt | Parker | 42,982 | 47.94 | 21,492 |
| Pennsylvania | Roosevelt | Parker | 502,951 | 40.67 | 251,476 |
| Rhode Island | Roosevelt | Parker | 16,766 | 24.42 | 8,384 |
| South Carolina | Parker | Roosevelt | 50,750 | 90.80 | 25,376 |
| South Dakota | Roosevelt | Parker | 50,114 | 49.42 | 25,058 |
| Tennessee | Parker | Roosevelt | 26,290 | 10.83 | 13,146 |
| Texas | Parker | Roosevelt | 115,781 | 49.56 | 57,891 |
| Utah | Roosevelt | Parker | 29,033 | 28.57 | 14,517 |
| Vermont | Roosevelt | Parker | 30,682 | 59.13 | 15,342 |
| Virginia | Parker | Roosevelt | 32,469 | 24.90 | 16,235 |
| Washington | Roosevelt | Parker | 73,442 | 50.60 | 36,722 |
| West Virginia | Roosevelt | Parker | 31,765 | 13.24 | 15,883 |
| Wisconsin | Roosevelt | Parker | 156,109 | 35.21 | 78,055 |
| Wyoming | Roosevelt | Parker | 11,559 | 37.76 | 5,780 |
| Total | Roosevelt | Parker | 2,542,098 | 18.80 | 1,271,050 |